Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-10 (of 10 Records) |
Query Trace: Harrison JC[original query] |
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Evaluation of sampling and concentration methods for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi detection from wastewater (preprint)
Zhou NA , Ong AQW , Fagnant-Sperati CS , Harrison JC , Kossik AL , Beck NK , Shirai JH , Burnor E , Swanstrom R , Demeke B , Patel S , Meschke JS , Kang G , Giri S , Raghava V , Abraham D , Moe C , Kapoor R , Wang Y , Liu P , Feasey N , Rigby J , Dines Y , Elviss N , Alm E , Moniz K , Xiao A , Karmacharya D , Napit R , Poudel A , Muhammad S , Ashraf Z , Boyle D , Andrews J , Aiemjoy K , LeBoa C , Tamrakar D , Shrestha S , Shakya J , Murphy JL , Narayanan J , Brown TW , Taniuchi M , Islam Md O , Blake I . medRxiv 2022 08 Salmonella enterica serovar (Salmonella Typhi) is the causative bacterial agent of Typhoid fever. Environmental surveillance of wastewater and wastewater-impacted surface waters has proven effective in monitoring various pathogens, and has recently been applied to Salmonella Typhi. This study evaluated eight sample collection and concentration methods with twelve variations currently being developed and used for Salmonella Typhi surveillance globally to better understand the performance of each method based on their ability to detect Salmonella Typhi and feasibility. Salmonella Typhi strains, Ty21a and Ty2, were seeded to influent wastewater at known concentrations to evaluate the following methods: grab sampling using electropositive filters, centrifugation, direct enrichment, or membrane filtration and trap sampling using Moore swabs. Concentrated samples underwent nucleic acid extraction and were detected and/or quantified via qPCR. Results suggest that all methods tested can be successful at concentrating Salmonella Typhi for subsequent detection by qPCR, although each method has its own strengths and weaknesses including the Salmonella Typhi concentrations they are best suited for with a range of positive detections observed as low as 0.1-0.001 CFU Ty21a/mL and 0.01 CFU Ty2/mL. These factors should be considered when identifying a method for environmental surveillance and will greatly depend on the use case planned. Copyright The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. |
Possible role of regional variation in allergic contact dermatitis: case report
Jiang A , Harrison JC , Siegel PD , Maibach H . Contact Dermatitis 2018 78 (3) 228-229 A 27-year-old male presented to our dermatitis clinic with 6 months' duration of red oedematous lesions on his ankles. He was previously treated for this suspected allergic contact dermatitis with prednisone (30 mg daily) for 2 weeks, during which time these lesions cleared. However, upon prednisone discontinuation the lesions recurred within several days. |
A chamber study of alkyl nitrate production formed by terpene ozonolysis in the presence of NO and alkanes
Jackson SR , Harrison JC , Ham JE , Wells JR . Atmos Environ (1994) 2017 171 143-148 Organic nitrates are relatively long-lived species and have been shown to have a potential impact on atmospheric chemistry on local, regional, and even global scales. However, the significance of these compounds in the indoor environment remains to be seen. This work describes an impinger-based sampling and analysis technique for organic nitrate species, focusing on formation via terpene ozonolysis in the presence of nitric oxide (NO). Experiments were conducted in a Teflon film environmental chamber to measure the formation of alkyl nitrates produced from alpha-pinene ozonolysis in the presence of NO and alkanes using gas chromatography with an electron capture detector. For the different concentrations of NO and O3 analyzed, the concentration ratio of [O3]/[NO] around 1 was found to produce the highest organic nitrate concentration, with [O3] = 100 ppb & [NO] = 105 ppb resulting in the most organic nitrate formation, roughly 5 ppb. The experiments on alpha-pinene ozonolysis in the presence of NO suggest that organic nitrates have the potential to form in indoor air between infiltrated ozone/NO and terpenes from household and consumer products. |
Identification and quantification of carbonyl-containing alpha-pinene ozonolysis products using O-tert-butylhydroxylamine hydrochloride
Jackson SR , Ham JE , Harrison JC , Wells JR . J Atmos Chem 2016 2016 (3) 1-14 The yields of carbonyl-containing reaction products from the ozonolysis of alpha-pinene have been investigated using concentrations of ozone found in the indoor environment ([O3] ≤ 100 ppb). An impinger was used to collect gas-phase oxidation products in water, where the derivatization agent O-tert-butylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (TBOX) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to identify carbonyl-containing species. Seven carbonyl-containing products were observed. The yield of the primary product, pinonaldehyde was measured to be 76 %. Using cyclohexane as a hydroxyl radical (OH) scavenger, the yield of pinonaldehyde decreased to 46 %, indicating the influence secondary OH radicals have on alpha-pinene ozonolysis products. Furthermore, the use of TBOX, a small molecular weight derivatization agent, allowed for the acquisition of the first mass spectral data of oxopinonaldehyde, a tricarbonyl reaction product of alpha-pinene ozonolysis. The techniques described herein allow for an effective method for the collection and identification of terpene oxidation products in the indoor environment. |
Limonene ozonolysis in the presence of nitric oxide: Gas-phase reaction products and yields
Ham JE , Harrison JC , Jackson SR , Wells JR . Atmos Environ (1994) 2016 132 300-308 The reaction products from limonene ozonolysis were investigated using the new carbonyl derivatization agent, O-tert-butylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (TBOX). With ozone (O3) as the limiting reagent, five carbonyl compounds were detected. The yields of the carbonyl compounds are discussed with and without the presence of a hydroxyl radical (OH) scavenger, giving insight into the influence secondary OH radicals have on limonene ozonolysis products. The observed reaction product yields for limonaketone (LimaKet), 7-hydroxyl-6-oxo-3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)heptanal (7H6O), and 2-acetyl-5-oxohexanal (2A5O) were unchanged suggesting OH generated by the limonene + O3reaction does not contribute to their formation. The molar yields of 3-isopropenyl-6-oxo-heptanal (IPOH) and 3-acetyl-6-oxoheptanal (3A6O) decreased by 68% and 95%; respectively, when OH was removed. This suggests that OH radicals significantly impact the formation of these products. Nitric oxide (NO) did not significantly affect the molar yields of limonaketone or IPOH. However, NO (20 ppb) considerably decreased the molar reaction product yields of 7H6O (62%), 2A5O (63%), and 3A6O (47%), suggesting NO reacted with peroxyl intermediates, generated during limonene ozonolysis, to form other carbonyls (not detected) or organic nitrates. These studies give insight into the transformation of limonene and its reaction products that can lead to indoor exposures. |
Gas-phase reaction products and yields of terpinolene with ozone and nitric oxide using a new derivatization agent
Ham JE , Jackson SR , Harrison JC , Wells JR . Atmos Environ (1994) 2015 122 513-520 The new derivatization agent, O-tert-butylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (TBOX) was used to investigate the carbonyl reaction products from terpinolene ozonolysis. With ozone (O3) as the limiting reagent, four carbonyl compounds were detected: methylglyoxal (MG), 4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-one, (4MCH), 6-oxo-3-(propan-2-ylidene) heptanal (6OPH), and 3,6-dioxoheptanal (36DOH). The tricarbonyl 36DOH has not been previously observed. Using cyclohexane as a hydroxyl radical (OH) scavenger, the yields of 6OPH and 36DOH were reduced indicating the influence secondary OH radicals have on terpinolene ozonolysis products. However, the MG yield increased and the 4MCH yield was unchanged when OH radicals were scavenged suggesting they are only made by the terpinolene + O3reaction. The detection of 36DOH using TBOX highlights the advantages of a smaller molecular weight derivatization agent for the detection of multi-carbonyl compounds. The product yields from terpinolene ozonolysis experiments conducted in the presence of 20 ppb nitric oxide (NO) remained unchanged except for MG which decreased. However, in experiments where O3was kept constant at 50 ppb and NO was varied (20, 50, 100 ppb) MG, 6OPH, 36DOH decreased with increasing NO while 4MCH increased with increasing NO. The use of TBOX derivatization if combined with other derivatization agents may address a recurring need to simply and accurately detect multi-functional oxygenated species in air. |
Investigation of terpinolene + ozone or terpinolene + nitrate radical reaction products using denuder/filter apparatus
Harrison JC , Wells JR . Atmos Environ (1994) 2013 80 524-532 Terpinolene's (1-methyl-4-(propan-2-ylidene)cyclohexene) reaction with ozone or the nitrate radical was investigated using a denuder/filter apparatus in order to characterize gas-phase and particulate reaction products. Identification of the reaction products (i.e., aldehydes, ketones, dicarbonyls and carboxylic acids) was made using two derivatization methods; O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine (PFBHA) to derivatize the carbonyl products or 3-Ethyl-1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and 2,2,2-trifluoroethylamine hydrochloride (TFEA) to derivatize the carboxylic acid products. Proposed carbonyl products for ozonolysis of terpinolene are: 4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-one, 2-hydroxy-4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-one, glyoxal, methyl glyoxal, 3-oxobutanal, and 6-oxo-3-(propan-2-ylidene)heptanal. Proposed carbonyl products for nitrate radical reaction of terpinolene are: 2-hydroxy-4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-one, glyoxal, methyl glyoxal, and 4-oxopentanal. No carboxylic acid products were detected with either oxidizing reactant. |
2-Butoxyethanol and benzyl alcohol reactions with the nitrate radical: rate coefficients and gas-phase products
Harrison JC , Wells JR . Int J Chem Kinet 2012 44 (12) 778-788 The bimolecular rate coefficients kNO∙3+2-butoxyethanol and kNO∙3+benzylalcohol were measured using the relative rate technique at (297 ± 3) K and 1 atmosphere total pressure. Values of (2.7 ± 0.7) and (4.0 ± 1.0) × 10−15 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 were observed for kNO∙3+2-butoxyethanol and kNO∙3+benzylalcohol, respectively. In addition, the products of 2-butoxyethanol+NO∙3 and benzylalcohol+NO∙3 gas-phase reactions were investigated. Derivatizing agents O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine and N, O-bis (trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were used to identify the reaction products. For 2-butoxyethanol+NO∙3 reaction: hydroxyacetaldehyde, 3-hydroxypropanal, 4-hydroxybutanal, butoxyacetaldehyde, and 4-(2-oxoethoxy)butan-2-yl nitrate were the derivatized products observed. For the benzylalcohol+NO∙3 reaction: benzaldehyde ((C6H5)C(=O)H) was the only derivatized product observed. Negative chemical ionization was used to identify the following nitrate products: [(2-butoxyethoxy)(oxido)amino]oxidanide and benzyl nitrate, for 2-butoxyethanol+NO∙3 and benzylalcohol+NO∙3, respectively. The elucidation of these products was facilitated by mass spectrometry of the derivatized reaction products coupled with a plausible 2-butoxyethanol or benzylalcohol+NO∙3 reaction mechanisms based on previously published volatileorganiccompound+NO∙3 gas-phase mechanisms. |
Rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of nitrate radicals with geraniol, citronellol, and dihydromyrcenol
Harrison JC , Ham JE . Int J Chem Kinet 2010 42 (11) 669-675 Terpenes and terpene alcohols are prevalent compounds found in a wide variety of consumer products including soaps, flavorings, perfumes, and air fresheners used in the indoor environment. Knowing the reaction rate of these chemicals with the nitrate radical is an important factor in determining their fate indoors. In this study, the bimolecular rate constants of k[NO3+geraniol] (16.6 +/- 4.2) × 10(−12), k[NO3+citronellol] 12.1 +/- 3) × 10(−12), and k[NO3+dihydromyrcenol] (2.3 +/- 0.6) × 10(−14) cm(3) molecule(−1) s(−1) were measured using the relative rate technique for the reaction of the nitrate radical (NO3) with 2,6-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-8-ol (geraniol), 3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol (citronellol), and 2,6-dimethyl-7-octen-2-ol (dihydromyrcenol) at (297 +/- 3) K and 1 atmosphere total pressure. Using the geraniol, citronellol, or dihydromyrcenol + NO3 rate constants reported here, pseudo-first-order rate lifetimes (k') of 1.5, 1.1, and 0.002 h(−1) were determined, respectively. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. |
beta-Ionone reactions with the nitrate radical: rate constant and gas-phase products
Harrison JC , Ham JE . Int J Chem Kinet 2009 41 (10) 629-41 The bimolecular rate constant of k(NO3 center dot+beta-ionone) (9.4 +/- 2.4 x 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) was measured using the relative rate technique for the reaction of the nitrate radical (NO3 center dot) with 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten-2-one (beta-ionone) at (297 +/- 3) K and I atmosphere total pressure. in addition, the products of beta-ionone + NO3 center dot reaction were also investigated. The identified reaction products were glyoxal (HC(=O)C(=O)H), and methylglyoxal (CH3C(=O)C(=O)H). Derivatizing agents O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine and N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide were used to propose the other major reaction products: 3-oxobutane-1,2-diyl nitrate, 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-ene-carbaldehyde, 2-oxo-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-i-en-1-yl)ethyl nitrate, pentane-2,4-dione, 3-oxo-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)butane-1,2-diyl dinitrate, 3,3-dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-dione, and 4-oxopent-2-enal. The elucidation of these products was facilitated by mass spectrometry of the derivatized reaction products coupled with plausible beta-ionone + NO3 center dot reaction mechanisms based on previously published volatile organic compound + NO3 center dot gas-phase mechanisms. The additional gas-phase products 5-acetyl-2-ethylidene-3-methyicyclopentyl nitrate, 1-(1-hydroxy-7,7-dimetliyl-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-2-yl)ethanone, 1-(1-hydroxy-3a,7-dimethyl-2,3,3a,4,5,6,-hexahydro-1H-inden-2-yl)ethanon e, and 5-acetyl-2-ethylidene-3-methylcyclopenta none are proposed to be the result of cyclization through a reaction intermediate. (c) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* Int J Chem Kinet 41: 629-641, 2009 |
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